近五十年中国西北地区夏季降水场变化特征及影响因素分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

陈冬冬  戴永久 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1247-1258

利用中国气象局信息中心提供的西北地区1951～2005年夏季月平均资料集和1958～2002年ERA40资料, 分析近五十年来西北地区夏季降水场的主要变化特征, 及与之相关的大尺度水汽输送和环流场变化, 讨论大尺度环流指数如涛动、 极涡、 赤道太平洋Niño3.4区海温与西北地区夏季降水的相关性。结果表明, 近五十年西北西部尤其是南疆的降水增多, 与西伯利亚 (50°N～60°N, 40°E～70°E) 上空位势高度增加和伊朗高原 (35°N～42.5°N, 60°E～75°E) 上空位势高度减少有很大关系。1987年后, 西北西侧水汽辐合也是该区降水增多的一个重要因素。西北东部降水受海温影响大。此外, 北大西洋涛动、 极涡面积可以反映近几十年来西北降水西增东减的年际波动。极涡面积大小与西北降水第一模态相关性尤其突出, 可以作为考察西北降水变化的一个重要指标。  相似文献   

2007年淮河强降水时期低频环流特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李勇  周兵  金荣花 《气象学报》2010,68(5):740-747

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及中国气象台站降水资料,研究了2007年夏季淮河流域强降水的低频振荡及其环流特征。结果表明,2007年夏季淮河流域强降水低频振荡的主要周期是10 25天。淮河流域降水强弱与对应低频周期存在联系,降水主要发生在低频周期的正位相时期,而在负位相时期结束或明显减弱。降水的低频变化一方面与副热带高压和南亚高压的低频变化有关,另一方面还受到中高纬度冷空气低频变化的影响。在低频周期的峰值位相,对流层高层出现的低频反气旋使南亚高压偏东,脊线偏北,并有利于西太平洋副热带高压向更西、更北的方向发展,整个对流层垂直方向上有低频的上升运动。中高纬地区出现大片正位势涡度,冷空气的低频活动显著偏强,南下侵入到中国淮河流域的冷空气较多,形成有利于淮河流域强降水的环流场。相反,在低频周期的谷值位相,对流层高层出现的低频气旋使南亚高压偏西,脊线偏南,不利于西太平洋副热带高压向更西、更北的方向发展,整个对流层垂直方向上有低频的下沉运动。高纬度冷空气的低频活动偏弱,南下侵入到中国淮河流域的冷空气也较少,最终形成不利于淮河流域强降水的环流场。  相似文献   

Simulations of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation by the Atmospheric General Circulation Model of the Beijing Climate Center   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

DONG Min  WU Tongwen  WANG Zaizhi  ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(5):571-583

The performance of BCC (Beijing Climate Center) AGCM 2.0.1 (Atmospheric General Circulation Model version 2.0.1) in simulating the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (TIO) is examined in this paper.The simulations are validated against observation and compared with the NCAR CAM3 (Community Atmosphere Model version 3) results.The BCC AGCM2.0.1 is developed based on the original BCC AGCM (version 1) and NCAR CAM3.New reference atmosphere and reference pressure are introduced into the model.Therefore,the origi...  相似文献   

The Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations in the IPCC AR4 Coupled Models          下载免费PDF全文

ZHU Yali  WANG Huijun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(2):176-188

This study evaluates the fidelity of Arctic and Antarctic oscillations (AO and AAO for short,respectively) in the coupled general circulation models participating in the Fourth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4).The AO and AAO during 1970-1999 in 24 models are analyzed and compared with that in ERA-40 and NCEP-1.Models'performance is seasonally dependent,with best reproducibility of both spatial structure and trend in winter.In most models,the spatial pattern and temporal trend of AAO during this period are more delicately simulated than AO.After picking out models with better performance according to the Taylor diagram,we find that their ensemble mean can obviously improve models'reproducibility.The AO and AAO in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B Projection during the 21st century are also briefly analyzed.The results reveal that both the AO and AAO indices keep increasing during 1970-2099,with a steadier pace of AO than AAO.The spatial difference of sea level pressure between 2060 2089 and 1970-1999 shows decreased values in polar regions,and increased values in midlatitudes.The results manifest that the ozone recovery during the mid 21st century may not weaken such a trend.  相似文献   

Influence of the Asian-Pacific Oscillation on Spring Precipitation over Central Eastern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHOU Botao  ZHAO Ping 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):575-582

The linkage between the Asian-Pacific oscillation(APO)and the precipitation over central eastern China in spring is preliminarily addressed by use of the observed data.Results show that they correlate very well,with the positive(negative)phase of APO tending to increase(decrease)the precipitation over central eastern China.Such a relationship can be explained by the atmospheric circulation changes over Asia and the North Pacific in association with the anomalous APO.A positive phase of APO,characterized by a positive anomaly over Asia and a negative anomaly over the North Pacific in the upper-tropospheric temperature,corresponds to decreased low-level geopotential height(H)and increased high-level H over Asia,and these effects are concurrent with increased low-level H and decreased high-level H over the North Pacific.Meanwhile,an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere are introduced in East Asia,and the low-level southerly wind is strengthened over central eastern China.These changes provide advantageous conditions for enhanced precipitation over central eastern China.The situation is reversed in the negative phase of APO,leading to reduced precipitation in this region.  相似文献   

副热带北太平洋大气季节内振荡时空特征的诊断研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

韩荣青  李维京  董敏 《气象学报》2010,68(4):520-528

用时空谱分析和小波变换方法,对1958—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料经、纬向风速和位势高度的年时间序列进行了波谱分析,并重点研究了北太平洋副热带区域经向风30—60天振荡(ISO)的时空特征。研究结果表明,北半球经向风与纬向风和位势高度的30—60天振荡特征迥然不同,代表风场经向低频扰动的经向风ISO在副热带和中高纬度最为活跃,而在热带地区的活动十分微弱;北半球副热带850 hPa高度场和纬向风在10—90天内(季节内)振荡的主要能量集中在纬圈波数为1、周期为30—60天的波动上,而850 hPa经向风季节内振荡的主要能量集中在纬圈波数为4—6、周期为30—60天以及70—90天的波动上,上述3个物理量30—60天振荡向西传播的能量都强于向东传播的能量。一年当中,东亚到北太平洋的副热带地区,经向风ISO在东亚—西北太平洋与东北太平洋两个区域的活动最强,且在这两个区域存在明显的季节振荡,即东北太平洋的ISO在冬季最强在夏季最弱,而东亚—西北太平洋区域的ISO在夏季最强冬季最弱。850 hPa经向风ISO的年际和年代际变化分析表明,在东亚副热带区域其活动1958—1975年较强,1976—1990年明显减弱,而1991—2000年最强;其在ENSO发生期间有较为明显的异常活动,但其强弱变化没有显著的定势,然而2—7年的带通滤波分析表明西北太平洋ISO的年际活动含有较显著的ENSO信号,9年的低通滤波分析表明,年代际时间尺度上,西北太平洋ISO的活动与ENSO循环有较为显著的反相关特征,而东北太平洋区域ISO与ENSO循环有较为显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Simulated Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation to Cumulus Parameterizations          下载免费PDF全文

JIA Xiaolong  LI Chongyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(3)

The sensitivity of the simulated tropical intraseasonal oscillation or MJO (Madden and Julian oscilla tion)to different cumulus parameterizations is studied by using an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM)-SAMIL(Spectral Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG).Results show that performance of the model in simulating the MJO alters widely when using two different cumulus parameterization schemes-the moist convective adjustment scheme(MCA)and the Zhang-McFarlane(ZM)scheme.MJO simulated by the MCA scheme was found to be more realistic than that simulated by the ZM scheme.MJO produced by the ZM scheme is too weak and shows little propagation characteristics.Weak moisture convergence at low levels simulated by the ZM scheme is not enough to maintain the structure and the eastward propagation of the oscillation.These two cumulus schemes produced different vertical structures of the heating profile.The heating profile produced by the ZM scheme is nearly uniform with height and the heating is too weak compared to that produced by the MCA,which maybe contributes greatly to the failure of simulating a reasonable MJO.Comparing the simulated MJO by these two schemes indicate that the MJO simulated by the GCM is highly sensitive to cumulus parameterizations implanted in.The diabatic heating profile plays an important role in the performance of the GCM.Three sensitivity experiments with different heating profiles are designed in which modified heating profiles peak respectively in the upper troposphere(UH), middle troposphere(MH),and lower troposphere(LH).Both the LH run and the MH run produce eastward propagating signals on the intraseasonal timescale,while it is interesting that the intraseasonal timescale signals produced by the UH run propagate westward.It indicates that a realistic intraseasonal oscillation is more prone to be excited when the maximum heating concentrates in the middle-low levels,especially in the middle levels,while westward propagating disturbances axe more prone to be produced when the maximum heating appears very high.  相似文献   

卑尔根气候模式中亚洲—太平洋涛动和影响西北太平洋热带气旋频数的环流背景的关系     

崔绚  周波涛  范可 《气候与环境研究》2010,15(2):120-128

利用挪威卑尔根的全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式的300年气候态数值积分结果,结合观测资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(APO)的年际变化对与西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数相关联的大尺度环流背景的影响。模式结果表明,当夏季APO异常偏强(弱)时,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东(西)偏北(南),南亚高压位置偏北(南),西北太平洋低层大气异常辐合(辐散),高层大气异常辐散(辐合),对流活动加强(减弱)。这种环流背景条件有(不)利于西北太平洋热带气旋的发生发展,西北太平洋热带气旋频数因而偏多(少)。  相似文献   

Further Study of Typhoon Tracks and the Low-Frequency(30-60 Days)Wind-Field Pattern at 850 hPa          下载免费PDF全文

TIAN Hu  LI Chong-Yin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(6):319-324

The association of typhoon tracks over the western Pacific with the low-frequency wind-field pattern of atmospheric intraseasonal (30-60 days) oscillation at 850 hPa is further studied by using observational data analyses. Comparative analyses of the composite wind fields at 850 hPa, contrasting the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) with the original circulation, show that the typhoon tracks are closely related to the wind pattern of the ISO but are not obviously related to the original wind fields. Case studies of two typhoons in 2006 also show that the low-frequency wind-field pattern, particularly the maximum-value line (belt) of low-frequency cyclonic vorticity at 850 hPa, is closely related to the typhoon track. Therefore, the low-frequency circulation pattern and the maximum-value line (belt) of low-frequency cyclonic vorticity at 850hPa can be used to predict typhoon tracks over the northwestern Pacific.  相似文献   

夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与中国近海热带气旋活动的关系   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

邹燕  赵平 《气象学报》2009,67(5):708-715

采用联合台风警报中心的台风最伟路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(Asian-Pacif-ic Oscillation,简称APO)与东亚近海-西北太平洋大气环流的关系,并进一步探讨了APO与中国近海热带气旋(tropical cy-clone,简称TC)活动的关系.研究表明:(1)夏季APO强弱与同期西北太平洋及中国东部近海TC活动存在密切关系,即在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋TC活动偏西(东)和偏北(南),中国东部近海TC明显增多(减少);(2)当APO偏强(弱)时,中国东部近海大气环流有(不)利于TC的维持和发展,表现为低层存在异常气旋性(反气旋性)环流,对流层高低层纬向风垂直切变减小(增大),且对流加强(减弱);(3)APO强弱也影响着TC引导气流的方向:在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)偏北和偏东(偏南和偏西),副高南侧偏东气流减弱(加强),有利于TC的向西北行或在偏北(南)纬度西行,进入中国东部近海的TC增多(减少);(4)APO强弱也影响着南海-热带西太平洋TC源地上空的大气环流,在APO强(弱)年,南海-热带西太平洋季风槽偏北、偏西(偏南、偏东),热带西太平洋TC活动偏北和偏西(偏南和偏东),有利于进入中国东部近海TC的增多(减少).  相似文献